The denominator is not usually mentioned the size is understood to be in 32nds of an inch. Where v j = average jet velocity of bit nozzles (ft/sec or m/s) and A n = total bit nozzle area (in. S jet nozzles is derived from the fluid velocity equation: The average velocity of a drilling fluid passing through a bit Where v = velocity (ft/min or m/min), q = flow rate (gal/min or L/min), and A = area of flow (ft 2 or m 2). The general formula for fluid velocity is See prior equation for metric conversion. H 1 is the total hydraulic energy (rig pump) required to counteract all friction energy (loss) starting at the Kelly hose (surface line) and Kelly, down the drillstring, through the bit nozzles, and up the annulus at a given flow rate ( q).īit hydraulic energy, H b, is the energy needed to counteract frictional energy (loss) at the bit or can be expressed as the energy expended at the bit: (See prior equation for metric conversion.) Note that the rig pump pressure ( p 1) is the same as the total pressure loss or the system pressure loss. Where H 1 = total hydraulic energy (hydraulic horsepower) and p 1 =actual or theoretical rig pump pressure (psi). This energy is commonly called the total hydraulic horsepower or pump hydraulic horsepower: Rig pumps are the source of hydraulic energy carried by drilling fluids. Where H = hydraulic horsepower, p = pressure (psi or kPa), q = flow rate (gal/min or L/min), and 1,714 is the conversion of (psi-gal/min) to hydraulic horsepower The basic equation for hydraulic energy is In drilling fluids, energy is called hydraulic energy or commonly hydraulic horsepower. A loss of energy always occurs during transformation or transmission. A practical aspect of energy is that it can be transmitted or transformed from one form to another (e.g., from an electrical form to a mechanical form by a motor).
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